Understanding English Proficiency Tests 

September 9, 2024

While the application process is generally similar for domestic and international students, applicants instructed in a language other than English must submit a minimum score on an English proficiency test in their application. This requirement ensures international students are prepared for an English-speaking academic setting. The TOEFL and IELTS are the most commonly accepted tests, with Duolingo becoming a popular, more affordable alternative. Verify ahead of time which tests are accepted by any potential colleges.

The TOEFL test assesses your ability to use and understand English in an academic setting. It is available in several formats. 

TOEFL iBT Home Edition

Sections: Reading, listening, speaking, and writing

Duration: Approximately 3 hours

Format: Taken online from home using your computer. Requires a stable internet connection, a webcam, and a microphone.

Scores: 0 - 120

Technical Requirements:

• Your computer must meet technical specifications, which include a specific operating system, browser, and internet speed. Ensure your computer meets these requirements to avoid technical issues during the test.

• You must take the test in a quiet, well-lit room with no interruptions. A proctor monitors your test through your webcam and microphone.

Advantages:

• Take the test from home without the need to travel.

• Available on many dates throughout the year.

Disadvantages:

• Potential for issues with technology or connectivity.

• Requires a suitable and distraction-free test environment.

TOEFL iBT Computer-Based Test

Sections: Reading, Listening, Speaking, and Writing

Duration: About 3 hours

Format: Administered on a computer at a designated test center.

Scores: 0 - 120

Advantages:

• On-site technical assistance is available.

• Standardized testing conditions with minimal distractions.

Disadvantages:

• Limited to specific test dates and locations.

• Requires you to travel to a test center.

TOEFL iBT Paper Edition

Sections: Reading, Listening, and Writing are on paper; Speaking is on a computer.

Format: Administered on paper at a designated test center.

Scores: 310 to 677

Duration: Comparable to other formats but can vary slightly.

Advantages:

• Some may prefer answering on paper.

Disadvantages:

• Not as widely available as the computer-based test.

• Combines paper and computer elements, which may be less convenient.

Score Requirements and Preparation Strategies

Different colleges have varying requirements for test scores, so make sure to check each institution’s specific criteria.

• Competitive universities: 100 or higher (out of 120)

• Moderate & less competitive universities: 80 to 100

Preparation Strategies

• Take practice exams to familiarize yourself with the test format.

• Use TOEFL prep books and online resources.

• Engage in English through reading, writing, speaking, and listening daily.

• Consider enrolling in a TOEFL prep course for guided study and practice.

Sign-Up Process

• Visit the TOEFL website to register. Choose your test date and location.

• Fees: Typically range from $180 to $300.

Scores are usually available online within 6-10 days after the test. Scores can be sent directly to colleges through your TOEFL account.

Like the TOEFL, the IELTS test evaluates your English proficiency across four skills: listening, reading, writing, and speaking. Students can take it on paper or on a computer. The test is available in both "Academic" and "General" versions, with colleges usually requiring the Academic version.

Minimum Scores

• Competitive universities: 7.0 or higher (on a 9-band scale)

• Moderate and less competitive universities: 6.0 to 7.0

Preparation: Similar to the TOEFL, use practice tests, study materials, and consider prep courses.

Registration: Register through the IELTS website or local test centers. Fees typically range from $200 to $300.

The Duolingo English Test is a newer, more flexible option, taken online from home. It also assesses reading, listening, speaking, and writing skills.

Minimum Scores

• Competitive universities: 115 or higher (out of 160)

• Moderate and less competitive colleges: 100 to 115

Preparation: Use sample tests and practice materials available on the Duolingo website.

Registration: Register and schedule your test online. The fee is around $49.

In addition to colleges, the U.S. immigration department also requires applicants for F-1 visas to demonstrate a strong command of English. You can show your proficiency by earning a passing score of the following acceptable tests:

• TOEFL: A score of 550 or higher on the paper test or 79 or higher on the internet-based test.

• IELTS: An Academic test score of 6 or higher.

• Duolingo English Test (DET): A score of 100 or higher.

• ECPE (Examination for the Certificate of Proficiency in English): A certificate with at least a C in all sections.

• CAE (C1 Advanced): A score of 185 with no less than 180+ in all sections (CEFR C1).

Test scores must be from tests taken within the last three years. Students from English-speaking locations may not need to provide proof of English proficiency.

Understanding the different formats of the TOEFL, as well as the IELTS and Duolingo English Test, is crucial for international students applying to U.S. colleges. Each test has its own structure and requirements, and choosing the right one depends on your circumstances and personal preferences. Adequate preparation and understanding of the minimum score requirements for your target colleges will set you on the path to success. Good luck!

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